A groundbreaking discovery by researchers at the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) and Lund University promises to revolutionize the quest for universal donor blood. Their findings, recently published in Nature Microbiology, unveil enzymes capable of eliminating specific sugars constituting the A and B antigens in human ABO blood groups, thus overcoming a major hurdle in creating universally compatible blood.
Lead researcher Professor Maher Abou Hachem of DTU underscores the significance of their breakthrough, emphasizing that these newly identified enzyme cocktails not only target the traditional A and B antigens but also tackle extended variants previously overlooked for transfusion safety. While the conversion of group B blood into a universal donor type is near realization, further refinement is needed for the more complex group A blood. Abou Hachem credits the collaboration between DTU’s expertise in gut microbiota enzymes and Lund University’s proficiency in carbohydrate-based blood groups for this milestone achievement.
The implications are profound. Universal donor blood would streamline logistical challenges in blood transportation and administration, while simultaneously curbing wastage. Martin L. Olsson, a key figure in the research team from Lund University, envisions a future where the simplified logistics of universal blood supply not only optimize resource utilization but also mitigate the risks of ABO-mismatched transfusions, which can prove fatal.
The journey towards universal donor blood has been a long one, with the concept of using enzymes for this purpose emerging over four decades ago. While previous enzyme discoveries showed promise, they fell short in addressing all immune reactions associated with blood transfusions. However, the teams at DTU and Lund University adopted innovative approaches, identifying enzyme mixtures from the gut bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila, known for its proficiency in breaking down mucosal sugars. Remarkably, these enzymes exhibit a high efficiency in targeting blood cell surface sugars akin to those of intestinal mucosa.
Testing 24 enzymes on hundreds of blood samples, the researchers are optimistic about the potential of their findings. They have filed a patent for the new enzymes and the treatment method, with plans for further advancement in their joint project. However, before commercial production and clinical application can be realized, rigorous patient trials are imperative.
Funding from various sources, including the Independent Research Fund Denmark and the Swedish Research Council, has propelled this pioneering research. Moving forward, the Novo Nordisk Foundation’s support promises continued progress in realizing the transformative potential of universal donor blood.
- : public
